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Wayzata World Factbook 1996
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The World Factbook - 1996 Edition - Wayzata Technology (3079) (1996).iso
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terror
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PFLP-GC
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Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLP-GC)
Description
Split from the PFLP in 1968, claiming that it wanted to focus more on
fighting and less on politics. Violently opposed to Arafat's PLO. Led by
Ahmed Jabril, a former captain in the Syrian Army. Closely allied with,
supported by, and probably directed by Syria.
Activities
Claims to have specialized in suicide operations. Has carried out numerous
cross-border terrorist attacks into Israel, using unusual means, such as
hot-air balloons and motorized hang gliders. Hafiz Kassem Dalkamoni, a
ranking PFLP-GC official, was convicted in Germany in June 1991 for bombing
US troop trains. He faces additional charges in Germany for other terrorist
offenses, including manslaughter.
Strength
Several hundred.
Location/Area of Operation
Headquarters in Damascus with bases in Lebanon and cells in Europe.
External Aid
Receives logistic and military support from Syria, its chief sponsor.
Financial support from Libya. Safehaven in Syria . Support also from Iran.
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BACKGROUND:
AHMED JIBRIL FORMED THE POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE-
GENERAL COMMAND IN 1968 WHEN HE BECAME DISENCHANTED WITH GEORGE HABASH'S
LEADERSHIP OF THE POPULAR FRONT FOR THE LIBERATION OF PALESTINE (PFLP). AN
OFFICER IN THE SYRIAN ARMY, JIBRIL WAS INITIALLY INTERESTED IN DEVELOPING
CONVENTIONAL MILITARY CAPABILITIES TO COMPLEMENT PFLP-GC TERRORIST
ACTIVITIES. AS A RESULT THE PFLP-GC HAS ALWAYS BEEN KNOWN FOR ITS
CONVENTIONAL MILITARY EXPERTISE. IN ADDITION TO GROUND INFILTRATION
CAPABILITIES, THE PFLP-GC HAS WORKED TOWARD DEVELOPING AIR AND NAVAL
INFILTRATION CAPABILITIES AS WELL.
PFLP-GC TERRORIST ACTIVITIES HAVE INCLUDED THE USE OF LETTER BOMBS AND
CONDUCTING MAJOR CROSS-BORDER OPERATIONS DIRECTED AT ISRAELI TARGETS. THE
PFLP-GC HAS ALSO SHARED ITS TERRORIST EXPERTISE WITH OTHER INTERNATIONAL
TERRORIST GROUPS, SUCH AS THE ARMENIAN SECRET ARMY FOR THE LIBERATION OF
ARMENIA, AS WELL AS EUROPEAN GROUPS WHICH HAVE SENT MEMBERS TO LEBANON FOR
TRAINING.
THE PFLP-GC ARSENAL INCLUDES SOPHISTICATED WEAPONRY SUCH AS SOVIET SA-7
ANTIAIRCRAFT MISSILES, HEAVY ARTILLERY, AND LIGHT AIRCRAFT SUCH AS MOTORIZED
HANG GLIDERS AND ULTRA LIGHTS. THE COMMUNIST BLOC COUNTRIES PROVIDED SMALL
ARMS SUCH AS KALASHNIKOV ASSAULT RIFLES AND RPG-7 ANTITANK ROCKETS, BUT SYRIA
AND LIBYA MAY HAVE SERVED AS CONDUITS FOR SUCH SUPPORT.
THE PFLP-GC ACTIVELY PARTICIPATED IN THE LEBANESE CONFLICT, INCLUDING
SNIPING ATTACKS THAT INJURED U.S. MARINES WHO WERE MEMBERS OF THE PEACE
KEEPING FORCES IN BEIRUT IN 1982-83. IN ADDITION, THE GROUP ATTACKED
ISRAELI CITIZENS AND INTERESTS THROUGH OPERATIONS LAUNCHED FROM LEBANON. THE
PFLP-GC HAS ALSO OCCASIONALLY RECRUITED WEST BANK PALESTINIANS TO CONDUCT
TERROROIST OPERATIONS INSIDE ISRAEL.
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SELECTED INCIDENT CHRONOLOGY
JULY, 1968:
HIJACKED AN EL AL AIRLINER ENROUTE FROM ROME TO TEL AVIV, DIVERTING
IT TO ALGERIA. THE HIJACKERS DEMANDED THE RELEASE OF 1,000
PRISONERS HELD IN ISRAEL. WEEKS LATER, THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL
RELEASED 16 ARAB INFILTRATORS AS A "HUMANITARIAN" GESTURE."
FEBRUARY, 1969:
MACHINEGUNNED AN EL AL AIRLINER AS IT WAS ABOUT TO TAKE OFF FROM
ZURICH TO TEL AVIV.
AUGUST, 1969:
HIJACKED A TWA AIRLINER ENROUTE TO ATHENS AND TEL AVIV AND FORCED
IT TO LAND IN DAMASCUS, WHERE THE PASSENGERS WERE EVACUATED AND THE
AIRCRAFT DESTROYED WITH AN EXPLOSIVE DEVICE.
APRIL, 1974:
ATTACKED QIRYAT SHEMONA, ISRAEL, KILLING EIGHTEEN AND WOUNDING
SIXTEEN IN AN APARTMENT BUILDING. THE THREE TERRORISTS ALSO KILLED
TWO MEMBERS OF THE ISRAELI ASSAULT FORCE THAT ENGAGED IN A FOUR
HOUR GUN BATTLE WITH THE TERRORISTS. ALL THREE TERRORISTS WERE
KILLED, PROBABLY BY THEIR OWN GRENADES. THE INTENTION OF THE
OPERATION WAS TO SECURE THE RELEASE OF 100 CAPTURED PALESTINIANS
BEING HELD IN ISRAELI PRISONS.
APRIL, 1978:
KIDNAPPED AN ISRAELI SOLDIER IN SOUTHERN LEBANON. IN MARCH, 1979,
ISRAEL EXCHANGED SIXTY SIX ARAB PRISONERS FOR THE SOLDIER AND TEN
OTHERS IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES.
SEPTEMBER, 1982:
SEIZED THREE ISRAELI SOLDIERS IN BEIRUT, HOLDING THEM UNTIL MAY,
1985, AND THEN EXCHANGED THEM FOR 1,150 PALESTINIAN PRISONERS HELD
BY ISRAEL.
APRIL, 1986:
A MEMBER OF THE PFLP-GC THREW A FIRE BOMB AT A BUS IN JERUSALEM.
THE GROUP CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY IN DAMASCUS.
NOVEMBER, 1987:
A MEMBER OF THE GROUP SUCCESSFULLY INFILTRATED ISRAEL FROM LEBANON
USING A HANG GLIDER, KILLING SIX ISRAELI SOLDIERS AND WOUNDING
SEVEN BEFORE BEING KILLED.
OCTOBER, 1988:
WEST GERMAN POLICE ARRESTED 14 MEMBERS OF THE PFLP-GC, SEIZING
WEAPONS, SEMTEX, AND EXPLOSIVE DEVICES.
NOVEMBER, 1990:
A PFLP-GC TEAM ATTEMPTED TO INFILTRATE ISRAEL BY A SPEEDBOAT. THE
TERRORISTS WERE INTERCEPTED BY THE ISRAELIS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN
SEA NORTH OF TYRE, LEBANON. THE SPEEDBOAT WAS DESTROYED AND ALL
FIVE ABOARD WERE KILLED. THE PFLP-GC CLAIMED RESPONSIBILITY.
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THE ABOVE INFORMATION WAS DERIVED FROM DEPARTMENT OF STATE, DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE, AND PUBLIC MEDIA SOURCE DOCUMENTS.